Composting by Item Table of 200

Knowing what can and cannot be composted saves time, avoids odor and pests, and speeds up the breakdown process. The searchable database below lists more than 200 common household materials and evaluates how quickly they break down, whether they belong in backyard compost, worm bins, or bokashi systems, and if they require hot composting or should be avoided entirely.

 

Use the search bar to filter by item (e.g., “citrus,” “hair,” “cheese,” “grass clippings”) or sort by Greens, Browns, or Non-Compostables to plan more balanced compost feedstock mixes. Gardeners, zero-waste households, schools, and compost beginners can use this tool to make better decisions and reduce landfill waste.

“What Not to Compost & Items Requiring Special Handling (Top 50)”

Not every household material belongs in a backyard compost bin, and some items require different composting systems to break down safely. Foods containing oils, fats, dairy, or meat often attract pests and create odor in open piles, while citrus, onions, and acidic scraps can slow worm bins. Bokashi systems, on the other hand, can handle almost all food types but require fermentation before finishing in soil or a larger compost setup.

The table below lists fifty commonly questioned materials, along with whether they are suitable for backyard compost, worm bins, or Bokashi systems. This helps beginners avoid the most common mistakes while giving more advanced composters a pathway to process materials that normally end up in the landfill. Use the search bar to quickly filter items by type.

What is Bokashi – 

Bokashi composting is a Japanese anaerobic fermentation process that “pickles” food scraps, including meat, dairy, and oils, in a sealed bucket using a special bran inoculant filled with beneficial microbes, transforming waste into a nutrient-rich pre-compost that’s odor-free and quickly breaks down in soil, preventing greenhouse gas emissions. It’s an indoor-friendly system that handles all food waste, producing both a liquid “tea” (leachate) and fermented solids that enrich soil, unlike traditional composting. 

What Not to Compost & Items Requiring Special Handling (Top 50)

MaterialCompostable?CategorySpeedOdorPestsBackyard?Special Rules
Meat scrapsNoOtherFastHighHighNoBokashi only; attracts pests and strong odors in open bins
Fish scrapsNoOtherFastHighHighNoBokashi only; very strong odor and pest risk
Dairy (cheese)NoOtherMediumHighHighNoBokashi only; fats slow compost and draw pests
Dairy (milk/yogurt)NoOtherFastHighHighNoBokashi only; liquid dairy causes odor and slime
Fat trimmingsNoOtherSlowHighHighNoBokashi only; oils coat materials and block air
Greasy leftoversNoOtherMediumHighHighNoBokashi only; major pest magnet in backyard piles
Cooked leftoversMixedOtherMediumHighHighWith cautionBury well or use Bokashi to avoid pests
Bones (chicken)NoOtherVery SlowMediumMediumNoBokashi only; must be buried after fermentation
Bones (beef/pork)NoOtherVery SlowMediumMediumNoBokashi only; extremely slow to break down
Eggs (cooked)MixedOtherMediumMediumHighWith cautionSmall amounts only; bury or Bokashi
EggshellsYesOtherVery SlowLowLowYesCrush for faster breakdown; mostly calcium
Oily foodsNoOtherSlowHighHighNoOils inhibit microbes; keep out of backyard and worm bins
Butter/MargarineNoOtherSlowHighHighNoBokashi only; pure fat
Mayonnaise/creamy dressingsNoOtherMediumHighHighNoBokashi only; combo of oil and egg
Pet waste (dog/cat)NoOtherSlowHighHighNoPathogen risk; do not compost in food gardens
Pet bedding (soiled)MixedBrownMediumMediumMediumWith cautionOnly herbivore bedding; avoid urine-heavy and scented litters
Cat litter (clay)NoOtherVery SlowLowLowNoClay minerals do not decompose
Cat litter (plant-based)MixedBrownSlowMediumMediumWith cautionOnly if unscented and no feces; not for food beds
Diapers (soiled)NoOtherVery SlowHighHighNoContain plastics and pathogens; landfill only
Paper towels (oily)MixedBrownMediumMediumHighWith cautionAvoid towels saturated with oils or chemicals
Paper plates (coated)NoOtherSlowLowLowNoPlastic/wax coatings resist breakdown
Napkins (food-soiled)YesBrownMediumMediumMediumWith cautionOkay in small amounts; avoid heavy grease and cheese
Tea bags (plastic mesh)MixedBrownMediumLowLowWith cautionRemove plastic mesh; compost only the tea and paper
Coffee filtersYesBrownMediumLowLowYesExcellent carbon source; pair with coffee grounds
Coffee groundsYesGreenMediumLowLowYesRich nitrogen; mix with browns to avoid compaction
Citrus peelsYesGreenSlowMediumLowWith cautionAcidic; limit in worm bins and chop for faster breakdown
Whole citrus fruitYesGreenSlowMediumLowWith cautionBest chopped or Bokashi first; can mold and attract pests
OnionsYesGreenMediumMediumLowWith cautionStrong compounds; limit for worms and chop well
GarlicYesGreenMediumMediumLowWith cautionSimilar to onions; worms may avoid
Avocado pitsNoOtherVery SlowLowLowNoExtremely slow to break; better to landfill or smash and bury in soil
Avocado skinsYesGreenSlowLowLowWith cautionThick skin; chop or shred for quicker breakdown
Coconut shellsNoOtherVery SlowLowLowNoVery tough lignin; does not break in normal compost
Nut shells (walnut)MixedBrownVery SlowLowLowWith cautionContains juglone; avoid around sensitive plants
Nut shells (peanut)YesBrownSlowLowLowWith cautionSlow to break; crush for faster results
Shrimp shellsNoOtherSlowHighHighNoBokashi only; seafood odor attracts animals
Crab/lobster shellsNoOtherSlowMediumMediumNoBokashi only; high in chitin; bury after fermentation
ChocolateYesGreenMediumMediumMediumWith cautionFats and sugar attract pests; best via Bokashi
Candy/sweetsMixedGreenFastMediumMediumWith cautionHigh sugar; attracts ants and wasps
Processed snacks (chips etc.)NoOtherSlowMediumMediumNoHigh oils and salt; treat as trash or Bokashi only
Salted foodsNoOtherMediumMediumMediumNoExcess salt harms worms and soil life
Spicy foods (hot peppers)MixedGreenMediumMediumLowWith cautionCapasicin stresses worms; Bokashi handles better
Moldy bread/fruitYesGreenMediumMediumMediumWith cautionFine in compost; bury to avoid flies
Pineapple scrapsYesGreenSlowMediumLowWith cautionAcidic and fibrous; limit for worms
Weeds with seedsYesGreenMediumLowLowWith cautionOnly in hot compost; seeds may survive cool piles
Invasive weeds (rhizomes)MixedGreenSlowLowLowWith cautionBest dried or solarized first; can re-sprout
Biodegradable/compostable plasticsNoOtherVery SlowLowLowNoRequire industrial facilities; do not home-compost
Vacuum dustMixedOtherSlowLowLowWith cautionMay contain synthetics and microplastics; small amounts only
Dryer lintMixedOtherSlowLowLowWith cautionOnly if mostly natural fibers; many clothes are synthetic
Colored/glossy paperNoOtherSlowLowLowNoInks and coatings may contain metals and plastics

Legend:  NEED PRO VERSION FOR THIS
Green = Nitrogen-rich material (“Greens”)
Brown = Carbon-rich material (“Browns”)
Slow / Medium / Fast = Estimated breakdown rate
Caution / No = Requires special handling or do not compost
Pests / Odor = Indicates likelihood of attracting pests or producing smells

MaterialCompostable?CategorySpeedOdorPestsBackyard?Special Rules
Apple coresYesGreenFastLowLowYesNone
Banana peelsYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Orange peelsYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Citrus rindsYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
GrapesYesGreenFastLowLowYesNone
Tomato scrapsYesGreenFastLowLowYesNone
Carrot peelsYesGreenFastLowLowYesNone
Potato peelsYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Onion skinsYesBrownSlowLowLowYesNone
Garlic skinsYesBrownSlowLowLowYesNone
Coffee groundsYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Coffee filtersYesBrownMediumLowLowYesNone
Tea bags (paper)YesBrownMediumLowLowYesRemove staples
Tea leavesYesGreenFastLowLowYesNone
EggshellsYesNeutralSlowLowLowYesCrush first
Bread scrapsYesGreenMediumLowMediumYesSmall amounts
Pasta scrapsYesGreenMediumLowMediumYesSmall amounts
Rice scrapsYesGreenMediumLowMediumYesSmall amounts
Cooked grainsYesGreenMediumLowMediumYesSmall amounts
Beans (cooked)YesGreenMediumLowMediumYesSmall amounts
LettuceYesGreenFastLowLowYesNone
SpinachYesGreenFastLowLowYesNone
KaleYesGreenFastLowLowYesNone
Cabbage leavesYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Broccoli stemsYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Cauliflower stemsYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Melon rindsYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Avocado skinsYesBrownSlowLowLowYesNone
Avocado pitsNoOtherVery SlowLowLowNoDo not compost
Peach pitsNoOtherVery SlowLowLowNoDo not compost
Cherry pitsNoOtherVery SlowLowLowNoDo not compost
Nutshells (walnut)YesBrownSlowLowLowYesCrush for speed
Nutshells (peanut)YesBrownSlowLowLowYesNone
Corn cobsYesBrownVery SlowLowLowYesChop for speed
Corn husksYesBrownSlowLowLowYesNone
Bell pepper coresYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Cucumber peelsYesGreenFastLowLowYesNone
Zucchini scrapsYesGreenFastLowLowYesNone
Squash scrapsYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Pumpkin scrapsYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Pumpkin seedsNoOtherVery SlowLowLowNoDo not compost
Apple seedsNoOtherVery SlowLowLowNoDo not compost
Berry scrapsYesGreenFastLowLowYesNone
Strawberry topsYesGreenFastLowLowYesNone
Blueberry scrapsYesGreenFastLowLowYesNone
Raspberry scrapsYesGreenFastLowLowYesNone
Herb stemsYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Mushroom scrapsYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Celery stalksYesGreenMediumLowLowYesChop for speed
Celery leavesYesGreenFastLowLowYesNone
Cherry pitsNoOtherVery SlowLowLowNoDo not compost
Avocado pitsNoOtherVery SlowLowLowNoDo not compost
Peach pitsNoOtherVery SlowLowLowNoDo not compost
Plum pitsNoOtherVery SlowLowLowNoDo not compost
Apricot pitsNoOtherVery SlowLowLowNoDo not compost
Walnut shellsYesBrownVery SlowLowLowYesChop for speed
Almond shellsYesBrownVery SlowLowLowYesChop for speed
Peanut shellsYesBrownMediumLowLowYesNone
Pecan shellsYesBrownSlowLowLowYesNone
Pistachio shellsYesBrownSlowLowLowYesNone
Sunflower hullsYesBrownMediumLowLowYesNone
Coconut huskYesBrownVery SlowLowLowYesChop for speed
Coconut fiberYesBrownMediumLowLowYesNone
Tea leavesYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Tea bags (paper)YesGreenMediumLowLowYesRemove staple
Coffee groundsYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Coffee filters (paper)YesBrownMediumLowLowYesNone
Bread scrapsYesGreenMediumMediumMediumYesAttracts pests
Pasta scrapsYesGreenMediumMediumMediumYesAttracts pests
Rice scrapsYesGreenMediumMediumMediumYesAttracts pests
Cereal scrapsYesGreenMediumMediumMediumYesAttracts pests
Crackers scrapsYesGreenMediumMediumMediumYesAttracts pests
Chips scrapsYesGreenMediumMediumMediumYesAvoid oily foods
Popcorn (plain)YesGreenMediumMediumMediumYesNone
Popcorn (buttered)YesGreenMediumMediumMediumNoAvoid oils
SugarYesGreenFastLowLowYesNone
SaltNoOtherSlowLowLowNoDo not add salt
FlourYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
CornmealYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
YeastYesGreenFastLowLowYesNone
Cheese scrapsNoOtherMediumMediumHighNoAvoid dairy
MilkNoOtherMediumMediumHighNoAvoid dairy
YogurtNoOtherMediumMediumHighNoAvoid dairy
ButterNoOtherSlowMediumHighNoAvoid oils
Oil (cooking)NoOtherSlowMediumHighNoAvoid oils
Meat scrapsNoOtherSlowHighHighNoAttracts pests
Fish scrapsNoOtherSlowHighHighNoAttracts pests
EggshellsYesBrownSlowLowLowYesCrush for speed
Egg whitesNoOtherMediumMediumHighNoAvoid animal products
Egg yolksNoOtherMediumMediumHighNoAvoid animal products
Popcorn kernelsNoOtherVery SlowLowLowYesDo not compost
Seeds from produceYesGreenSlowLowLowYesNone
SpicesYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Herbs (fresh)YesGreenFastLowLowYesNone
Herbs (dried)YesBrownFastLowLowYesNone
VinegarYesGreenFastLowLowYesNone
WineYesGreenFastLowLowYesNone
BeerYesGreenFastLowLowYesNone
LiquorYesGreenFastLowLowNoUse sparingly
SodaYesGreenFastLow
Syrup (maple)YesGreenFastLowLowYesNone
Syrup (corn)YesGreenFastLowLowYesNone
HoneyYesGreenFastLowLowYesNone
ChocolateYesGreenMediumMediumMediumNoUse sparingly
CandyYesGreenMediumMediumMediumNoAvoid colored dyes
Jelly/JamYesGreenMediumMediumMediumYesNone
Peanut butterNoOtherSlowMediumMediumNoOily food
KetchupYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
MustardYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
MayonnaiseNoOtherSlowMediumHighNoAvoid oils
Salad dressing (oil)NoOtherSlowMediumHighNoAvoid oils
Salad dressing (vinegar)YesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
PicklesYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
SauerkrautYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
KimchiYesGreenMediumMediumMediumNoAvoid spicy/fermented
Hot sauceYesGreenFastMediumMediumNoUse sparingly
Salted nutsNoOtherSlowLowLowNoAvoid salt
Unsalted nutsYesBrownSlowLowLowYesChop for speed
Nut buttersNoOtherSlowMediumHighNoOily
OatmealYesGreenMediumMediumLowYesNone
BarleyYesGreenMediumMediumLowYesNone
QuinoaYesGreenMediumMediumLowYesNone
Rice (cooked)YesGreenMediumMediumLowYesNone
Rice (dry)YesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
TortillasYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Bread crustsYesGreenMediumMediumMediumYesAttracts pests
BagelsYesGreenMediumMediumMediumYesAttracts pests
CroutonsYesGreenMediumMediumMediumYesNone
PastriesYesGreenMediumMediumMediumNoAvoid oils/sugars
CakeYesGreenMediumMediumMediumNoAvoid oils/sugars
DonutsNoOtherSlowMediumMediumNoOily
CookiesYesGreenMediumMediumMediumYesNone
BrowniesYesGreenMediumMediumMediumNoAvoid oils
Pie crustYesGreenMediumMediumMediumNoButter content
Fruits (fresh)YesGreenFastLowLowYesNone
Fruits (dried)YesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Fruit rinds (mixed)YesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Fruit seeds (soft)YesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Fruit seeds (hard)NoOtherVery SlowLowLowNoDo not compost
Vegetables (fresh)YesGreenFastLowLowYesNone
Vegetables (cooked)YesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Vegetable skinsYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Starchy roots (potato)YesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Starchy roots (cassava)YesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Peels (banana)YesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Peels ( squash )YesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Peels (pumpkin)YesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Peels (melon)YesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Melon rindsYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Avocado skinsNoOtherSlowLowLowNoVery tough skin
Citrus zestYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Citrus seedsNoOtherVery SlowLowLowNoDo not compost
Coconut meatYesGreenSlowLowLowYesChop for speed
Ginger peelsYesGreenSlowLowLowYesNone
Turmeric peelsYesGreenSlowLowLowYesNone
Rose petalsYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Lavender stemsYesGreenSlowLowLowYesNone
Flower bouquets (no ribbons)YesGreenMediumLowLowYesRemove wire/tags
Flower petalsYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Pine needlesYesBrownSlowLowLowNoAcidic
Pine conesYesBrownVery SlowLowLowNoChop for speed
Cedar shavingsYesBrownSlowLowLowNoAromatic
Wood chipsYesBrownVery SlowLowLowNoUse as mulch not compost
Sawdust (untreated)YesBrownFastLowLowYesHigh C:N
Sawdust (treated)NoBrownSlowLowLowNoAvoid (toxins)
PaperboardEco GreenSlowLowLowYesRemove tape/inks
CardboardYesBrownSlowLowLowYesShred for speed
Office paperYesBrownMediumLowLowYesAvoid glossy
Newspaper (B&W)YesBrownMediumLowLowYesSoy inks preferred
Newspaper (color)CautionBrownMediumLowLowYesAvoid heavy ink
Toilet paper rollsYesBrownMediumLowLowYesNone
Egg cartons (paper)YesBrownMediumLowLowYesShred
Pizza boxes (soiled)YesBrownSlowLowLowNoRemove cheese/oils
Bamboo utensilsYesBrownSlowLowLowNoNone
CorksYesBrownSlowLowLowNoChop for speed
Chopsticks (wood)YesBrownSlowLowLowNoChop
Pencils (wood)CautionBrownSlowLowLowNoRemove graphite
Parchment paperYesBrownMediumLowLowNoNone
Paper towelsYesBrownFastLowLowYesAvoid grease
TissuesYesBrownFastLowLowYesAvoid sick tissues
Napkins (paper)YesBrownFastLowLowYesAvoid oils
Coffee cups (paper)CautionBrownSlowLowLowNoPlastic liners
Fruit stickersNoOtherVery SlowLowLowNoSynthetic
Tea bags (plastic)NoOtherSlowLowLowNoContains PET
Tea bags (paper)YesGreenMediumLowLowYesRemove staples
Kombucha SCOBYYesGreenFastLowLowYesNone
Bone broth sedimentYesGreenMediumLowLowYesAvoid bones
Fish bonesNoOtherVery SlowHighHighNoAttract pests
Chicken bonesNoOtherVery SlowHighHighNoAttract pests
Beef bonesNoOtherVery SlowHighHighNoAttract pests
Shrimp shellsYesGreenMediumMediumMediumNoOdor
Crab shellsYesGreenMediumMediumMediumNoOdor
Oyster shellsYesBrownVery SlowLowLowNoCrush for soil pH
Nutshells (walnut)YesBrownSlowLowLowNoNone
Nutshells (peanut)YesBrownSlowLowLowNoNone
Nutshells (pistachio)YesBrownSlowLowLowNoNone
Nut meats (rancid)YesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Avocado pitsYesBrownVery SlowLowLowNoChop/hammer
Avocado skinsYesGreenSlowLowLowNoNone
Banana stemsYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
CorncobsYesBrownVery SlowLowLowNoChop
Corn stalksYesGreenSlowLowLowNoChop for speed
Sunflower headsYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Sunflower stalksYesBrownSlowLowLowNoChop for speed
Grass seed headsYesGreenMediumLowLowYesNone
Weed seedsCautionGreenSlowLowLowNoHot compost only
Hot compost activator (alfalfa)YesGreenFastLowLowYesNone
Rabbit manureYesGreenFastMediumMediumYesReduces need to age
Guinea pig beddingYesBrownMediumLowLowYesNone
Hamster beddingYesBrownMediumLowLowYesNone
Chicken manureYesGreenFastMediumMediumNoHot compost only
Duck manureYesGreenFastMediumMediumNoHot compost only
Goat manureYesGreenMediumLowLowYesAges well
Sheep manureYesGreenMediumLowLowYesAges well
Horse manureYesGreenMediumLowLowYesMay contain weed seeds
Cow manureYesGreenMediumLowLowYesAges well
Pig manureCautionGreenMediumMediumMediumNoPathogen risk
Dog poopNoOtherSlowHighHighNoPathogen risk
Cat litter (clay)NoOtherSlowLowLowNoNon-organic
Cat litter (biodegradable)CautionGreenMediumLowLowNoHot compost only
Cat poopNoOtherSlowHighHighNoToxoplasmosis
Human hairYesGreenSlowLowLowYesNone
Pet hairYesGreenSlowLowLowYesNone
Dryer lint (natural fibers)YesBrownSlowLowLowYesCotton/wool only
Dryer lint (synthetic)NoOtherSlowLowLowNoMicroplastics
Vacuum dustCautionBrownSlowLowLowNoMixed contaminants

Ready to compost more materials?  We can swap that text later to real affiliate links.
Soon you’ll be able to compare compost tumblers, worm bins, countertop pails, and bokashi kits here to find the best setup for your home or garden.

Scroll to Top